Autistic children: experience and severity of dental caries between 1980 and 1995 in Kagoshima City, Japan

The present study indicates that experience and severity of dental caries in 1995 showed a clear

decrease from observations in 1980 in Kaogsima City, Japan. This decline may be attributed to several

factors such as the qualitative and quantitative improvements in treatment of caries, more regular visits

to dental clinics, improved daily oral hygiene, and changes in dietary pattern.

1. Report on the survey of Dental disease (1993) Dental Health Division of Health Policy Bureau Ministry of Health and Wel-fare, Japan, Koukuu hokenkvoukai, Tokyo 1995.

2. Miyazaki H. Morimoto M. Changes in caries prevalence in Japan. Eur J Oral Sci 104 (4 (Pt 2)): 452-8 1996.

3. Ishikawa A, Masuda M. Iwata S. Kodamz Y. Onoma R. Changes in caries prevalence among 1.5-and 3-year-old children in a city. J Dental Health 49: 222-9, 1999.

4. Nunn JH. The dental health of mentally and physically handi-capped children: a review of the literature. Community Dent Health 4: 157-68. 1987.

5. Shaw I, MacLaurin ET, Foster TD. Dental study of handicapped children attending special schools in Birmingham. UK. Commu-nity Dent Oral Epidemiol l4: 24-7 1986.

6. Nuna JH, Murray JJ. The dental health of handicapped children in Newcastle and Northumberland. Br Dent J 162: 9-14, 1987.

7. Storhaug K, Holst D. Caries experience of disabled school-age children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 15: 144-9, 1987.

8. Pieper K, Huttmann G. Caries and gingivitis prevention in hand-icapped children and youth. Part 3. Five-year results. Dtsch Zah-narztl Z 44: 521-4. 1989.

9. Gizani S, Declerek D, Vinckier F, Martens L, Marks L, Goffin G. Oral health condition of 12 year-old handicapped children in Flanders (Belgium). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 25:352-7, 1997.

10. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Forth Edi-tion (DSM-lV). The American Psychiatric Association. USA. Washington, DC, 1994.

11. Shimono T, Mizuno J, Nonomura E, et al. Studies on a simple new colorimetric method (CARIOSTAT) for determining the carious activity. (1) Comparison with an improved Snyder Test. Japanese J Pedodont 14: 6-18, 1976.

12. Morinuhsi T, Matsumoto S, Inouc M. Dental health administra-tion for non-institutionalized handicapped children. Japan J Child Health 43: 484-92, 1984. In Japanese.

13. Flanders RN. Effectiveness of dental health educational pro-grams in schools. J Am Dent Assoc 114: 39-4, 1987.

14. Working group convened jointly by the Federation Dentaire Internationale and the World Health Organization. Changing patterns of oral health and implications for oral health man-power: Part I. Report of a Working group convened jointly by the Federation Dentaire Internationale and the World Health Orga-nization. Int Dent J 35: 235-51, 1985.

15 Bian JY, Zhang BX, Rong WS. Evaluation the social impact and effectiveness of four-year “Love Teeth Day” camping in China. Adv Dent Res 9: 130-3, 1995.

16. Athanassouli I, Mamai Homata E, Panagopoulos H, Koletsi Kounari H, Apostolopoulos A. Dental caries changes between 1982 and 1991 in children aged 6-12 in Athens. Greece. Caries Res 28: 378-8, 1994.

17. Tesini DA. Fenton SJ. Oral health needs of persons with physical or mental disabilities. Dent Chin North Am 38: 483-98. 1994.

18. Boruna A. Heinrich R. Langzeiterfahrungcn mit zahnarztliehen therapie konzepten fur behinderte kinder. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 47: 23- 5 1992.

19. Kunzel Mirel P, Monig J. Ergebnisse einer regelmassigen zah-narztlichen betreuung gestig und korperlich behinderter patien-ten. Dtsch Stomatol 41: 513-5, 1991.

20. Price JH. Dental health education for the mentally and physi-cally handicapped. J Sch Health 48: 171-4, 1978.

21. Maurer SM, Boggs AM, Mourino AP, Farrington FH. Recall intervals: effect on treatment needs of the handicapped patient: a retrospective study. J Clinic Pediat Dent 20: 123-6, 1996.

22. Boruna A, Heinrich R. Long-term results with dental treatment concepts for disabled children. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 47: 23-5, 1992.

23. Kamen S, Skier I. Dental management of the autistic child. Spe-cial Care Dentist 5: 20-23, 1985.

24. Kopel HM. The autistic child in dental practice. J Dent child 44: 302- 309 1977.

25. Report on health and hygiene in Kagoshima city (1995). Japan, Kagoshima Central Health Center. Kagoshima, 1996. In Japanese.

26. Morinushi T, Maruta N, Kai S, Kitami H. The health statistical investigation of the caries, occlusion, gingivitis, food life, and medical history of systemic condition of autism —partially from comparison among sibling. Japan J of Child Health 45:515-20, 1986 In Japanese.

27. Klein U, Nowak AJ. Autistic disorder: a review for the pediatric dentist. Pediatr Dent. 20: 312-7, 1998.

28. Shapira J, Efrat J, Berkev D, Mann J. Health profile of a popula-tion with mental retardation in Israel. Special Care in Dentistry 18: 149-55. 1998.

29. Braff MH, Nealon L. Sedation of the autistic patient of dental procedures. J Dent Child 46: 44-7, 1979.

30. Manford ML, Roberts GJ. Dental Treatment in young handi-capped patients. An assessment or relative analgesia as an alter-native to general anesthesia. Anesthesia 35: 1157-1168, 1980.

31. Holst A, Crossner CG. Management of dental behaviour prob-lems. A 5-year follows up. Swed Dent J 8: 243-9, 1984.

32. Rosenberg M. Oral ketamine for deep sedation of difficult-to-manage children who are mentally handicapped: case report. Pediatr Dent 13: 21-3, 1991.

33. Van Grunsven MY, Koelen MA. Psycho-social aspects of dental care for the handicapped. An investigation into dental care for handicapped children living at home. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 97: 448-51 1990.

34. Declerek D, Vinckier F, Gizani S, Martens L, Marks L, Goffin G. Status of the teeth and degree of care in handicapped in Flan-ders. Rev Belge Med Dent 50: 9-24, 1995.

35. Wright IT, Cutter GR, Dasanavake AP, Stiles HM, Caufield PW. Effect of conventional dental restorative treatment on bacteria in saliva. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 20: 138-43, 1992.

36. Murayama M. Morinushi T. Kinjvo S. Ogura T. Effects of con-ventional restorative dental treatment on bacteria associated with dental caries. The 45 th congress of the Japanese Society of Child Health p 276-7 1998. (Abstract in Japanese).

37. Morinushi T, Tovoshima S, Inouc K, Kondou K, Araki Y. Preven-tive effects of conventional restorative dental treatment on the prevalence of dental caries in community dental health. Japanese J of Pedodontics 36: 212, 1998. (abstract in Japanese).

38. Morinushi T, Matsuno T, Fukada H, Inouc M. Effective dental health care guidance for infant aged 4 months. Japanese J of Pedodontics 20: 396-401, 1982.

39. Axelsson P, Lindhe I. Effect of oral hygiene instruction and pro-fessional tooth cleaning on caries and gingivitis in schoolchild-ren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 9: 251-5 1981.

40. Mojon P, Rentsch A, Budtz Jorgensen E, Bachni PC. Effects of an oral health program on selected clinical parameters and salivary bacteria in a long-term care facility. Eur J Oral Sci 106: 827-34, 1998.

41. Savegh A, Shehabi A, Hilow H. Multifactorial modeling for caries prediction in Jordanian university students. Community Dent Health 14: 97-101, 1997.

42. Kandelman D. Sugar, alternative sweetners and meal frequency in relation to caries prevention: new perspectives. Br J Nutrition 77 Supple 1: S12l-8, 1997.

43. Wyne Ah, Khan N. Use of sweet snacks, soft drinks and fruit juices, tooth brushing and first dental visit in high DMFT 4-6 year olds of Riyadh region. Indian J Dent Res 6: 21-4. 1995.

44. Morinushi T, Kitami H, Fukumitu K. An analysis of the dietary status on autism and autistic children: Comparison with ordinary children. Japanese J Pedodontics 28: 11-25, 1990.