Title
Author
DOI
Article Type
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Article Menu
Export Article
More by Authors Links
Article Data
- Views 1095
- Dowloads 134
Original Research
Open AccessA comparative evaluation of newer sedatives in conscious sedation
A comparative evaluation of newer sedatives in conscious sedation
1Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
2Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, King George's University of Dental Sciences, Lucknow-226 003, India
3Department of Pharmacology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226 003, India
4Department of Periodontics, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.30.4.540025283p827511 Vol.30,Issue 4,July 2006 pp.273-276
Published: 01 July 2006
*Corresponding Author(s): Dr.Bandana Koirala E-mail: drkbandu@yahoo.com
Abstract
This double blind study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of orally administered newer seda-tives and analgesics for conscious sedation in 120 child patients. Patients were randomly assigned into:
Midazolam (I), Ketamine (II), Zolpidem (III), Midazolam plus Ketamine (IV), Midazolam plus Tramadol (V) and Zolpidem plus Tramadol (VI) groups of 20 each. Onset of action, level of sedation, ease of treatment completion, recovery time, and post-operative amnesia were assessed for all and compared. Midazolam plus ketamine was found the most effective combination providing a fast and adequate analgo-sedation in anxious and uncoopera-tive child patients.
Cite and Share
Dr.Bandana Koirala,Prof. R.K. Pandey,Prof. A.K. Saksen,Dr. Rakesh Kumar,Dr. Shivalal Sharma. A comparative evaluation of newer sedatives in conscious sedation. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2006. 30(4);273-276.
References
1. Lautch. Dental Phobia. Br J Psych 119: 151-158, 1971.
2. Shaw O. Dental anxiety in children. Br Dent J 139: 134-139, 1975.
3. Kleinknecht RA, Klepac RK and Alexander LD. Origins and character istics of fear of dentistry. JADA 86: 842-848, 1973.
4. Wardle J. Fear of dentistry. Br J Med Psychol 55: 119-126, 1982a.
5. Schuurs AHB, Duivenvoorden HJ, Thoden van Velzen SK et al. Fear of Dental Procedures. Community Dent Health 2: 227, 1986.
6. Bennett CR. Monheim’s local anesthesia and pain control in dental practice. 7th ed. St Louis. Toronto: The CV Mosby Co.; 1984: 1-25.
7. Ripa LR and Barenie JA. Management of dental behavior in children. 1st ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Pub. Co.; 1979: 91-98.
8. Proudfoot J. Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Conscious Sedation. Emerg Med Clin North Am 13: 357-379, 1995.
9. Erlandsson AL, Backman B, Stenstrom A, Stecksen-Blicks C. Conscious sedation by oral administration of midazolam in pediatric dental treatment. Swed Dent J 25(3): 97-104, 2001.
10. Singh N, Pandey RK, Saksena AK, Jaiswal JN. A comparative evalua tion of oral midazolam with other sedatives as premedication in pedi-atric dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent 26: 161-164, 2002.
11. Kanto JH. Midazolam: The first water-soluble benzodiazepine: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in insomnia and anesthe-sia. Pharmacotherapy 5: 138-155, 1985.
12. Langtry HD and Benfield P. Zolpidem: A review of its pharmacody namic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 40(2): 291-313, 1990.
13. Salva P, Costa J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Therapeutic implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 29(3): 142-153, 1995.
14. Green SM, Johnson NE. Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: Part-2. Review and implications. Ann Emerg Med 19(9): 1033-1046, 1990.
15. Gutstein HB, Johnson KL, Heard MB, Gregory GA. Oral ketamine pre-anesthetic medication in children. Anesthesiology 76: 28-33, 1992.
16. White PF, Way WL, Trevor AJ. Ketamine: Its pharmacology and thera-peutic uses. Anesthesiology 56: 119-136, 1982.
17. Klotz U. Tramadol - the impact of its pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamic properties on the clinical management of pain. Arzneimittelforschung 53(10): 681-687, 2003.
18. Shipton EA. Tramadol - present and future. Anaesth Intensive care 28(4): 363-374, 2000.
19. Croswell RJ, Dilley DC, Lucas WJ,Vann WF. A comparison of conventional versus electronic monitoring of sedated pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent 17: 332-339, 1995.
20. A.A.P.D. Guidelines for the Elective use of Pharmacological Conscious Sedation, Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dental Patients. Appendix II. Recommended Discharge Criteria. Ref Manual 21(5): 68-73, 1999-2000.
21. Webb MD and Moore PA. Sedation for pediatric dental patients. Dent Clin N Am 46: 803-814, 2002.
22. Grewal N. Implementation of behavior management techniques – how well accepted they are today? J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 21(2): 70-74, 2003.
23. Feld LH, Negus JB, White PF. Oral midazolam preanesthetic medica tion in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology 73(5): 831-841, 1990.
24. Weldon BC, Watcha MF, White PF. Oral midazolam in children: effect of time and adjunctive therapy. Anesth Analg 75(1): 51-55, 1992.
25. Kil N, Zhu JF, Van Wagnen C, Abdulhamid I. The effects of midazolam on pediatric patients with asthma. Pediatric Dent 25(2): 137-142, 2003.
26. Alderson PJ and Lerman J. Oral premedication for pediatric ambulato ry anesthesia: a comparison of midazolam and ketamine. Can J Anaesth 41(3): 221-226, 1994.
27. Funk W, Jacob W, Riedl T, Taeger K. Oral preanesthetic medication for children: double - blind randomized study of a combination of midazo lam and ketamine versus midazolam or ketamine alone. Br J Anaesth 84: 335-340, 2000.
28. Astuto M, Disma N, Crimi E. Two doses of oral ketamine, given with midazolam, for pre-medication in children. Minerva Anesthesiol 68(7-8): 593-598, 2002.
29. Hardman JG, Limbird LE and Gilman AG. Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th ed. International ed.: The McGraw-Hill Co.; 2001: 337-365.
30. Sunshine A. New clinical experience with tramadol. Drugs 47 Suppl. 1: 8-18, 1994.
31. Payne KA, Roelofse JA, Shipton EA. Pharmacokinetics of oral tra madol drops for post-operative pain relief in children aged 4 to 7 years – a pilot study. Anesth Prog 49: 109-112, 2002.
32. Cashman JN, Power SJ, Jones RM. Assessment of a new hypnotic imidazo-pyridine (zolpidem) as oral premedication. Briti J Clin Pharma 24: 85-92, 1987.
Abstracted / indexed in
Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) Created as SCI in 1964, Science Citation Index Expanded now indexes over 9,500 of the world’s most impactful journals across 178 scientific disciplines. More than 53 million records and 1.18 billion cited references date back from 1900 to present.
Biological Abstracts Easily discover critical journal coverage of the life sciences with Biological Abstracts, produced by the Web of Science Group, with topics ranging from botany to microbiology to pharmacology. Including BIOSIS indexing and MeSH terms, specialized indexing in Biological Abstracts helps you to discover more accurate, context-sensitive results.
Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.
JournalSeek Genamics JournalSeek is the largest completely categorized database of freely available journal information available on the internet. The database presently contains 39226 titles. Journal information includes the description (aims and scope), journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN.
Current Contents - Clinical Medicine Current Contents - Clinical Medicine provides easy access to complete tables of contents, abstracts, bibliographic information and all other significant items in recently published issues from over 1,000 leading journals in clinical medicine.
BIOSIS Previews BIOSIS Previews is an English-language, bibliographic database service, with abstracts and citation indexing. It is part of Clarivate Analytics Web of Science suite. BIOSIS Previews indexes data from 1926 to the present.
Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition aims to evaluate a journal’s value from multiple perspectives including the journal impact factor, descriptive data about a journal’s open access content as well as contributing authors, and provide readers a transparent and publisher-neutral data & statistics information about the journal.
Scopus: CiteScore 1.8 (2023) Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 Inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.
Submission Turnaround Time
Conferences
Top