The Effects of Children’s Drinks on the Color Stability of Various Restorative Materials

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure to various children's drinks on the color stability of different esthetic restorative material commonly used in pediatric dentistry. Study Design: Cylindrical specimens(15×2mm) were prepared from four different restorative materials (Fuji IX, Fuji II LC, Dyract Extra, and Filtek Z250). For each material, 20 specimens were prepared and divided into four groups. Each group was stored in a different solution (distilled water, chocolate milk, cola, grape juice) for 24 hours. A colorimeter was used to measure the color of each specimen both before and after staining. Color change (ΔE^*) was calculated, and data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: For all restorative materials, the lowest ΔE^* values were recorded for specimens stored in distilled water (0.42), followed by chocolate milk (0.88), grape juice (3.45) and cola (3.97). Among the four restorative materials tested,Fuji II LC showed the most color change (3.71) and Fuji IX the least (1.33). There were statistically significant differences among above groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: ΔE^* values were acceptable for all materials tested, with the exception of Fuji II LC. Therefore, the use of RMGIC should be avoided in anterior restorations in children due to esthetic reasons.

Color stability, Drink, Restorative material

1. Berg JH. The continuum of restorative materials in pediatric den-tistry–a review for the clinician. Pediatr Dent, 20: 93–100, 1998.

2. Burke F.J., Fleming G.J., Owen F.J., Watson D.J. Materials for restora-tion of primary teeth: 2. Glass ionomers derivatives and compomers. Dent Update, 29: 10–14, 2002.

3. Swartz M.L., Philips R.W., Clark H.E. Long-term F release from glass ionomer cements. J Dent Res, 63: 158–60, 1984.

4. Powis D.R., Folleras T., Merson S.A., Wilson A.D. Improved adhesion of glass-ionomer cements to dentine and enamel. J Dent Res, 61: 1416–1422, 1982.

5. Pascon F.M., Kantovitz K.R., Caldo-Teixeira A.S., Borges A.F., Silva

T. N., Puppin-Rontani R.M., Garcia-Godoy F. Clinical evaluation of composite and compomer restorations in primary teeth: 24-month results. J Dent, 34: 381–388, 2006.

6. Wilson A.D. Developments in glass-ionomer cements. Int J Prostho-dont, 2: 438–446, 1989.

7. Bagheri R., Burrow M.F., Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solu-tions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restora-tive materials. J Dent, 33: 389–398, 2005.

8. Iazzetti G., Burgess J.O., Gardiner D., Ripps A. Color stability of fluo-ride-containing restorative materials. Oper Dent, 25: 258–263, 2000.

9. Curtin J.A., Lu H., Milledge J.T., Hong L., Peterson J. In vitro staining of resin composites by liquids ingested by children. Pediatr Dent, 30: 317–322, 2008.

10. Fay R.M., Walker C.S., Powers J.M. Discoloration of a compomer by stains. J Gt Houst Dent Soc, 69: 12–13, 1998.

11. Villalta P., Lu H., Okte Z., Garcia-Godoy F., Powers J.M. Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent, 95: 137–142, 2006.

12. Guler A.U., Yilmaz F., Kulunk T., Guler E., Kurt S. Effects of different drinks on stainability of resin composite provisional restorative materi-als. J Prosthet Dent, 94: 118–124, 2005.

13. Gross M.D., Moser J.B. A colorimetric study of coffee and tea staining of four composite resins. J Oral Rehabil, 4: 311–322, 1997.

14. Patel S.B., Gordan V.V., Barrett A.A., Shen C. The effect of surface fin-ishing and storage solutions on the color stability of resin-based com-posites. J Am Dent Assoc, 135: 587–594, 2004.

15. Omata Y., Uno S., Nakaoki Y., Tanaka T., Sano H., Yoshida S., Sidhu S.K. Staining of hybrid composites with coffee, oolong tea, or red wine. Dent Mater J, 25: 125–131, 2006.

16. Abu-Bakr N., Han L., Okamoto A., Iwaku M. Color stability of com-pomer after immersion in various media. J Esthet Dent, 12: 258–263, 2000.

17. Mohan M., Shey Z., Vaidyanathan J., Vaidyanathan T.K., Munisamy S., Janal M. Color changes of restorative materials exposed in vitro to cola beverages. Pediatr Dent, 30: 309–316, 2008.

18. Khan Z., Razavi R., von Fraunhofer J.A. The physical properties of a visible light-cured temporary fixed partial denture material. J Prosthet Dent, 60: 543–545, 1988.

19. Benington I.C., Cunningham J.L. Sorption determination of hollow VLC resin obturators. J Dent, 19: 124–126, 1991.

20. Judd D.B. and Wyszecki G. Color in business, science, and industry. 3rd ed. John Wiley& Sons, Inc, New York; 5–90, 1975.

21. Seghi R.R., Gritz M.D., Kim J. Colorimetric changes in composites resulting from visible-light-initiated polymerization. Dent Mater, 6: 133–137, 1990.

22. Okubo S.R., Kanawati A., Richards M.W., Childress S. Evaluation of visual and instrument shade matching. J Prosthet Dent, 80: 642–648, 1998.

23. Satou N., Khan A.M., Matsumae I., Satou J., Shintani H. In vitro color change of composite-based resins. Dent Mater, 5: 384–387, 1989.

24. Khokhar Z.A., Razzoog M.E., Yaman P. Color stability of restorative resins. Quintessence Int, 22: 733–737, 1991.

25. Koishi Y., Tanoue N., Matsumura H., Atsuta M. Colour reproducibility of a photo-activated prosthetic composite with different thicknesses. J Oral Rehabil, 28: 799–804, 2001.

26. Cattani-Lorente M.A., Dupuis V., Payan J., Moya F., Meyer J.M. Effect of water on the physical properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Dental Materials, 15: 71–78, 1999.

27. Small I.C., Watson T.F., Chadwick A.V., Sidhu S.K. Water sorption in resin-modified glass-ionomer cements: an in vitro comparison with other materials. Biomaterials, 19: 545–550, 1998.

28. Ruyter I.E., Nilner K., Moller B. Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers. Dent Mater, 3: 246–251, 1987.

29. Doray P.G., Wang X., Powers J.M., Burgess J.O. Accelerated aging affects color stability of provisional restorative materials. J Prostho-dont, 6: 183–188, 1997.

30. Johnston W.M. and Kao E.C. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res, 68: 819–822, 1989.